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CHAPTER III
Caesar. - So, do we explain tonight how you can live without government?
Jorge. - I'll do what I can. But first let's look a little on what is the state of society today and if it is really necessary to change the constitution. Noting
society we live in, the first phenomena to attract attention of the observer are the misery that afflicts the masses, the uncertainty of tomorrow that weigh more or less over all, the bitter struggle carried out by all against all Conquest of Bread.
Ambrosio. - Sir, you can continue a good while describing the social evils of the field is not lacking. But that is useless and does not show that would be better off putting things backwards. It is not just poverty that afflicts humanity, there are also plagues, earthquakes, cholera ... and would be curious if you would like to make a revolution against these scourges.
Evil is in the nature of things ...
Jorge. - But I want to just show that poverty depends on the current mode of social organization and in a more equitable and more reasonably organized should disappear.
When not know what causes evil and not know how to fix it, patience, but as soon as you discover the remedy is in the interest and duty of all to apply.
Ambrosio. - that is their error, the higher causes misery depends on the will and human laws. The misery depends on the greedy nature that produces insufficient for the need of men.
See animals, which should not accuse the infamous capital or the tyrannical government, not do more than fight for food and often die of hunger.
When no, no. The truth is that we are in the world. If people knew contained and not make children more when I could keep ... Have you read Malthus?
Jorge. - Yes, a little, but if I had not read would be the same. What I know, without having to read it anywhere, is it takes a good hard face, forgive me, to sustain those things.
misery depends on the nature greedy, you say, and yet know there are many uncultivated land.
Ambrosio. - But if there is uncultivated land, not meant to be cultivated, which can produce enough to pay expenses.
Jorge. - You think so? Try
a bit and give it to the farmers and see what they will make gardens. Moreover, is it reasonable you serious? Many lands have been cultivated in the past, when art was in its infancy agricultural and applied chemistry and mechanics to agriculture does not just exist. Do not you know today can be transformed into fertile lands including the rocks? Do not you know agronomists, even the most enthusiastic, have calculated that a territory such as Italy, if cultivated rationally could maintain a population abundance of a hundred million?
The real reason why the land was left uncultivated, and not grown out of more than a small part of what they could give, if you adopt less primitive farming methods, is that the owners have no interest in increasing production. Do not care about the welfare of the people: they produce to sell, know that when prices are much lower and the benefit decreases and may end up being, after all, less than they do when the products are scarce and can be sold at the price they claim.
This occurs not only in regard to agricultural products. In all branches of human activity is the same. For example, in all cities the poor are constrained to live in slums foul, piled up without any concern for hygiene and moral, in conditions where it is impossible to keep clean and live decently. Why is that? Perhaps because the houses are missing? But why not build houses, healthy, comfortable and beautiful in sufficient quantities for everyone?
stones, earth to make bricks, lime, iron, wood, all building materials are abundant, there are many masons, carpenters, architects out of work who just want work. Why so many forces are left idle, which could be used to benefit everyone?
The reason is simple, and that if there were many houses rent decrease. The owners of the houses built, which are the same they would have means to make others, have no desire to see their income decrease for the welfare of the people.
Caesar. - There is truth in what you say, but is mistaken in explaining the painful events that afflict our country.
The cause of bad cultivated or uncultivated land, the cessation of business, general misery, is that our bourgeoisie is not entrepreneurial. The capitalists are fearful and ignorant and do not want or can not develop industries, land owners can not do more than it did their grandparents and, moreover, do not want inconvenience, merchants can not open new markets and government, with his stupid tax and customs policy, instead of encouraging private initiative and stifles the obstacle in his crib. Look at France, England, Germany.
Jorge. - That our bourgeoisie is negligent and ignorant, I doubt not, but its inferiority explains only why is defeated by the bourgeoisie of other countries in the fight to conquer the world market, not in any way explain the why people's misery. And the blind test is that poverty, lack of work and all other social ills exist in countries where the bourgeoisie is more active and intelligent in Italy, even the evils are generally more severe in countries where the industry is more developed, unless the workers have been able to win a better life to the organization, resistance or revolt.
Capitalism is the same everywhere. He needs to live and prosper, a semi-permanent status of famine, it needs to maintain prices and to find hungry always willing to work in any condition.
You see, in fact, that when any country is driven production, is to give farmers the means to consume more, but always to sell in a foreign market. If local consumption increases only when the workers have taken advantage of circumstances to demand a wage increase and have gained the possibility of buying more, but then, when for one reason or another foreign markets for which they work do not buy more, come the crisis, work stops, wages and poverty are reduced once again to wreak havoc. And yet, in the same country the vast majority lacks everything. With reason it would work for their own consumption! But then what would win the capitalists?
Ambrosio. - So you think all the fault of capitalism?
Jorge. - Yes, even more by the fact that some individuals have taken up the land and all instruments of production, workers can impose their will so that, instead of producing to meet the needs of the population, produced for the benefit of employers.
All the reasons I could think of to save the bourgeois privileges are so many errors, or other such lies. Recently you said that the cause of poverty is the shortage of products. In another moment would have said that the warehouses are full, the items can not be sold and that employers can not give work to shed then the product. Here
absurdity of the system: starve because the stores are full and there is no need to grow or, rather, the owners have no need to cultivate the land, the non-working cobblers, however, the shoes are broken because there are too many shoes. .. and so forth.
Ambrosio. - therefore the capitalists that they should die of hunger?
Jorge. - Oh, no! No way. They should just work like everyone else. That will seem a bit harsh, but not create it, when you eat well the work is not harmful. Moreover, it could prove a need and a joy for the body.
But, by the way, tomorrow I have to work and it is too late. Up again.
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